RAGE MP was always the runner-up alternative multiplayer behind FiveM, but its role on certain RP servers (including some large-scale early-NoPixel-era projects) made it relevant.
For the FiveM side of things, see the FiveM equivalent piece.
What RAGE MP was
RAGE MP was another GTA V multiplayer client along the lines of FiveM, with a smaller active community. It ran some big RP servers and developed its own modder community.
RAGE MP was technically different from FiveM. It used a different scripting language/environment. Some servers preferred it; most preferred FiveM.
Where RAGE MP sits for GTA 6
Since Rockstar purchased Cfx.re (FiveM), RAGE MP will find itself in a tougher position. As long as there is no official integration, RAGE MP will be community-made for GTA 6 and will essentially be reinventing the wheel on its own - a far smaller community than FiveM's, with no acquisition ties.
It's genuinely unclear if RAGE MP even tries for GTA 6, and if it does, whether it manages to compete with whatever FiveM-based offering Rockstar ends up shipping. Curated GTA 6 server lists usually list the smaller frameworks alongside the dominant one when both are live, which is how you actually discover RAGE-style alternatives in practice.