There are no GTA 6 custom map downloads yet. The game hasn't released on PC. The modding scene hasn't started. There is nothing to download. However, this question gets asked very frequently, so this page was made to answer it truthfully: here's what the download scene will look like when it eventually exists.
Once real downloads exist, GTA 6 map downloads will be where to go. GTAModding.net encompasses all of GTA 6 mods, aside from maps.
What 'GTA 6 map downloads' will mean
Custom map downloads typically fall into several categories: MLO interiors (custom interiors for buildings that ship as exterior-only), map zone add-ons (adding to/remixing portions of the official map), race tracks (course geometry placed over existing terrain), total conversions (whole different cities brought into the engine), stunt courses, parkour challenges, and other gameplay-oriented custom geometry. Map wallpapers and printable posters are a separate, simpler category that arrives much earlier.
Every category has its own install pattern, file format and compatibility considerations. Most are PC-only and require a mod loader of some sort.
When downloads will be available
Realistic timeline: 6-18 months following the PC release. Simple asset mods show up within weeks. MLO interiors show up within 3-6 months. Full-blown custom maps and total conversions can take 1-2 years. Track availability on GTA 6 custom map downloads - it will become the curated home for quality map mods once the toolchain is properly developed.
Do not believe websites saying they have GTA 6 map downloads before then. Fake download links are known to be used for scams in the run-up to every GTA release.
How to install custom GTA 6 maps safely
Rule 1: Only install mods from trusted sources. Legitimate modding communities will moderate their files; random Telegram links and unidentified forum attachments will not. Rule 2: Back up your clean GTA 6 install before modding. Mods can corrupt your save games or break online compatibility if you aren't careful.
When GTA 6 map downloads launches, all mods listed there will have been screened. Start with that list instead of searching random results.
Single-player vs online compatibility
Single-player mods are generally safe and tolerated. Online mods are another story - Rockstar has traditionally cracked down hard on players who mod GTA Online, banning their accounts. GTA 6 Online will likely follow suit. Have fun modding if you want to, but only mod your single-player save, and don't take modded content into multiplayer.
Roleplay servers running on dedicated server software (FiveM-style for GTA 5) fall into another category - they ARE the server, so "modding" there entails the server operator selecting what content is allowed. This community overlaps heavily with the wider GTA 6 modding scene.